Teledetección aplicada al análisis de los impactos ecosistémicos generados por los incendios del año 2020 en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, e identificación de áreas prioritarias de restauración

Hebert Castillo; Pablo Baldassini

doi:10.14198/INGEO.23754

Autores/as

Hebert Castillo Ordenamiento Territorial, Conservación Internacional, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-8438
Pablo Baldassini Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. LART-IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomia, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay., Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9741-604X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/INGEO.23754

Palabras clave:

funcionamiento ecosistémico, IVN, NBR, severidad del incendio, análisis multicriterio, áreas prioritarias para restauración, Córdoba

Resumen

El fuego es uno de los eventos destructivos más frecuentes y el principal causante de alteraciones en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) identificar el área afectada por incendios ocurridos en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, entre agosto y septiembre de 2020, 2) analizar su impacto sobre cuatro variables ecosistémicas: la productividad primaria neta aérea (PPNA), la evapotranspiración (ET), el albedo y la temperatura superficial (LST), y 3) identificar áreas prioritarias para su restauración mediante un análisis multicriterio. Se usaron imágenes Sentinel-2 y productos MODIS utilizando la plataforma Google Earth Engine. El fuego afectó 109.307 hectáreas, de las cuales el 40% presentaron una severidad moderada a alta. La ET fue la variable más afectada, disminuyendo hasta un 24,8% respecto a la situación promedio prefuego. La LST y la PPNA mostraron un impacto moderado, registrando cambios extremos de 10,2% y 10,6%, respectivamente. Se identificaron cuatro áreas prioritarias para restauración. Las áreas con baja prioridad representaron el 50% del área total quemada, mientras que las áreas con alta prioridad representaron solo el 7%. Este trabajo permitió generar información de gran importancia para la implementación de políticas públicas destinadas a garantizar la sostenibilidad de estos ecosistemas.

Financiación

Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Conservación Internacional

Citas

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